|
The Thirteenth Election of India's Lok Sabha (House
of the People)
[CONTENTS]
APPENDIX 1: Chronology of Events
|
February 1998
|
Election of a BJP-led government |
|
November 1998
|
Elections to state assemblies in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Delhi |
|
April 17, 1999
|
Government loses vote of confidence |
|
April 22, 1999
|
Budget passed |
|
May 25, 1999
|
The Army admits that infiltrators from Pakistan have crossed the Line of Control
in Kashmir, near the town of Kargil; air power is used against them. |
|
July 12, 1999
|
By agreement between India and Pakistan, intruders in Kashmir begin to withdraw. |
|
September 5, 1999
|
First polling date: 148 seats, including all of Gujarat, Haryana, Delhi, and
Punjab; half of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra; and some in Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. |
|
September 11, 1999
|
Second polling date: 123 seats, including all of Kerala; half of Maharashtra,
Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu; two-thirds of Rajasthan; and some of Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh |
|
September 18, 1999
|
Third polling date: 79 seats, including some of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya
Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh |
|
September 25, 1999
|
Fourth polling date: 74 seats, including half of Orissa; some of Bihar, Madhya
Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh |
|
October 3, 1999
|
Fifth polling date: 121 seats, including all of Assam and West Bengal; half
of Orissa; and some of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh |
|
October 6, 1999
|
Counting of ballots to begin |
Source of the polling schedule:
The Election Commission website [http://www.eci.gov.in]
|
Table 1
Perception of Financial Satisfaction (in percent)
|
| |
Class*
|
|
|
|
| |
Very poor
|
Poor
|
Middle
|
Upper
|
| Financial situation has improved |
18.1
|
27.5
|
34.6
|
51.2
|
| Satisfied with present financial situation |
17.7
|
25.8
|
43.0
|
50.2
|
| Financial situation will get better |
37.5
|
46.7
|
54.3
|
68.7
|
| Children will have better opportunities |
46.3
|
52.8
|
60.3
|
72.9
|
*The percentages of the sample (which is well within most observers'
estimated ranges in the population as a whole) are: "very poor" (30.6 percent), "poor" (31.0
percent), "middle" (25.2 percent), and "upper" (13.2 percent).
Source: Mitra and
Singh, Democracy and Social Change in India: A Cross-sectional Analysis
of the National Electorate (New Delhi, Thousand Oaks, London: Sage
Publications, 1999), Table 6.3 (page 191); the data are for 1996. |
|
Table 2
Party Alliances in 1999 by Seats Won in 1998 and State
|
| States |
BJP
|
ally
|
Cong
|
ally
|
Third Front
|
Other
|
HEAVYWEIGHT
|
| Andhra (42) |
4
|
12
|
22
|
|
3
|
1
|
| Bihar (54) |
20
|
11
|
5
|
17
|
|
1
|
| M.P. (40) |
30
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
| Maharashtra (48) |
4
|
6
|
33*
|
|
*
|
4?
|
| Tamil Nadu (39) |
3
|
12
|
|
18
|
9
|
2
|
| U.P. (85) |
57
|
2
|
|
|
20
|
6
|
| West Bengal (42) |
1
|
7
|
1
|
|
33
|
|
|
| (Total: 350) |
119
|
60
|
28+?
|
35
|
65+?
|
14
|
MIDDLEWEIGHT
|
| Assam (14) |
1
|
|
10
|
|
|
3
|
| Gujarat (26) |
19
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
| Haryana (10) |
2
|
3
|
4
|
|
|
1
|
| Karnataka (28) |
13
|
3
|
9
|
|
3**
|
|
| Kerala (20) |
|
|
8
|
3
|
9
|
|
| Orissa (21) |
7
|
9
|
5
|
|
|
|
| Punjab (13) |
3
|
8
|
|
|
1
|
|
| Rajasthan (25) |
5
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
|
| (Total: 157) |
50
|
23
|
61
|
2
|
13
|
5
|
LIGHTWEIGHT
|
| N.E. States (11) |
|
|
3
|
|
3
|
4
|
| "Islands" (8) |
3
|
|
3
|
|
1
|
|
| Delhi (7) |
6
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
| H.P. (4) |
3
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
| J&K (6) |
2
|
2
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
| (Total: 36) |
14
|
3
|
9
|
|
4
|
4
|
Grand total |
183
|
85
|
98+?
|
38
|
82+?
|
23
|
N.E. States: Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya,
Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura
"Islands":
Goa, Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Ladshwadeep, Pondicherry
BJP allies:
Andhra–TDP; Bihar–Samata, JD (U); Maharashtra–Shiv Sena; Tamil Nadu–DMK, PMK, MDMK; U.P.–Samata; West Bengal–Trinamool
Congress; Haryana–HVP; Karnataka – Lok Shakti, JD(U); Orissaa–BJD; Punjab–SAD; Jammu and Kashmir–JKN
Congress allies:
Bihar–RJD; Kerala–Muslim League +?; Tamil Nadu–ADMK
* The Congress split in May 1999; the strength of
the NCP is unclear
** The Janata Dal split in July 1999, with one segment joining with the BJP alliance |
|
